Effects of glycyrrhizin, stevioside, and sucralose on the growth and metabolism of the omnipresent gut commensal Escherichia coli

Table 1. Genes and pathways having a significant difference in relative expression level in NCS treated cells versus untreated cells.

Gene	NCS	Pathways
aceE	Sucralose Glycyrrhizin	Superpathway of glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase, TCA Cycle, and glyoxylate bypass Pyruvate decarboxylation to acetyl CoA Propanoate metabolism Carbon metabolism Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites Microbial metabolism in diverse environments
adk	Glycyrrhizin	Adenosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis UTP and CTP de novo biosynthesis Salvage pathways of pyrimidine ribonucleotides CMP phosphorylation ppGpp biosynthesis Guanosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis Guanosine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II Superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide phosphorylation
dxs	Stevioside Glycyrrhizin	Methylerythritol phosphate pathway I Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis I Thiazole component of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis I Thiamine metabolism Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis Metabolic pathways Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
fabI	Sucralose Stevioside Glycyrrhizin	Fatty acid elongation -- saturated Palmitoleate biosynthesis I (from (5Z)-dodec-5-enoate) Palmitate biosynthesis II (bacteria and plants) 8-amino-7-oxononanoate biosynthesis I (5Z)-dodecenoate biosynthesis I cis-vaccenate biosynthesis Biotin metabolism
glgC	Sucralose Glycyrrhizin	Glycogen biosynthesis I (from ADP-D-Glucose) Starch and sucrose metabolism Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism Biofilm formation
lpd	Sucralose Stevioside	Superpathway of glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase, TCA Cycle, and glyoxylate bypass N10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis TCA cycle I Glycine cleavage Pyruvate decarboxylation to acetyl CoA 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylation to succinyl-CoA Propanoate metabolism
pfkA	Sucralose	Glycolysis I (from glucose 6-phosphate) Glycolysis II (from fructose 6-phosphate) Sedoheptulose bisphosphate bypass Pentose phosphate pathway RNA degradation
pfkB	Sucralose	Glycolysis I (from glucose 6-phosphate) Glycolysis II (from fructose 6-phosphate) Galactitol degradation Pentose phosphate pathway
sucA	Sucralose	TCA cycle I (prokaryotic) 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylation to succinyl-CoA
tdk2	Sucralose Glycyrrhizin	Salvage pathways of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides
thyA	Sucralose Glycyrrhizin	Superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II N10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis
tmk	Sucralose Stevioside Glycyrrhizin	Superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis I Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis II Pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide phosphorylation