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Table 2. Optimizing the distance of semen straws over liquid nitrogen.

Distance

Motility (%)

Morphology (%)

Motile sperm

Progressive motility

Bent

tail

 

Coiled

tail

Distal midpiece reflex

Distal

Droplet

Proximal Droplet

Pre-frozen semen

90.40a± 2.50

51.23a ± 8.79

9.60a ± 2.50

0.33 ± 0.24

1.27± 0.50

0.07 ± 0.07

1.17 ± 0.24

0.5 inch

38.47c ± 7.34

21.43b ± 2.80

7.37b ± 1.80

0.83 ± 0.47

1.43 ± 0.15

3.33± 1.23

13.97 ± 9.51

1.5 inch

47.13 c ± 3.37

24.50b ± 1.29

4.63a ± 0.43

0.27 ± 0.07

1.43 ± 0.20

2.30 ± 0.30

4.30 ± 0.36

1.6 inch

62.67b ± 1.12

38.  97a ± 1.10

4.30a ± 0.85

0.13 ± 0.03

1.37 ± 0.23

3.20 ± 1.06

18.17 ± 12.38

2.0 inch

38.10c ± 1.97

23.10b ± 3.95

7.83b ± 2.03

0.30± 0.10

1.67 ± 0.18

3.70 ± 0.61

6.53 ± 0.76

3.0 inch

35.03c ± 8.25

18.07b ± 4.20

8.13b ± 1.38

0.43 ± 0.20

1.60 ± 0.25

4.20 ± 1.27

5.53 ± 0.99

p-value

0.000

0.001

0.020

0.228

0.633

0.204

0.726

n=5, results are presented in mean±SEM.  Different letters (a, b, c) indicate differences among freezing groups (p<0.05).