Components used

Uses

Examples

Ref.

Surfactant

Increases cell membrane permeability of drugs and their bioavailability.

Span 20, Span 40, Tween 20, Brij 72

[83]

Cholesterol

Provides stability and rigidity to proniosomes.

Cholesterol

[14]

Lecithin

Act as a membrane stabilizer and penetration enhancer.

Soya lecithin,

Egg lecithin

[14]

Aqueous phase

For hydration and penetration enhancement.

Butanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Phosphate buffer, Isopropanol

[83]

Carriers

Alters the drug distribution and imparts flexibility.

Spray dried lactose, Maltodextrin, Sorbitol

Sucrose stearate, Lactose monohydrate, Glucose monohydrate

[84]

Hydration medium

Affect shape and size of vesicles and self-assembly of non-ionic surfactant into vesicles.

Phosphate buffers of different pH ranges

[83]