Table 3. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA somatic variations, as well as interrelationships together with clinical and pathological features
|
KRAS mutation
|
p-value
|
NRAS mutation
|
p-value
|
BRAF mutation
|
p-value
|
RAS/RAF
mutations
|
p-value
|
PIK3CA mutation
|
p-value
|
|
Yes
|
%
|
Yes
|
%
|
Yes
|
%
|
Yes
|
%
|
Yes
|
%
|
|
N
|
251
|
86
|
34.3
|
|
18
|
7.2
|
|
16
|
6.4
|
|
120
|
47.8
|
|
44
|
17.5
|
|
|
Age
|
|
|
|
0.464
|
|
|
0.518
|
|
|
0.023
|
|
|
0.032
|
|
|
0.825
|
| |
> 59.3
|
135
|
49
|
36.3
|
|
11
|
8.1
|
|
13
|
9.6
|
|
73
|
54.1
|
|
23
|
17.0
|
|
| |
< 59.3
|
116
|
37
|
31.2
|
|
7
|
6.0
|
|
3
|
2.6
|
|
47
|
40.5
|
|
21
|
18.1
|
|
|
Gender
|
|
|
|
0.248
|
|
|
0.956
|
|
|
0.598
|
|
|
0.385
|
|
|
0.002
|
| |
Male
|
141
|
44
|
31.2
|
|
10
|
7.1
|
|
10
|
7.1
|
|
64
|
45.4
|
|
34
|
24.1
|
|
| |
Female
|
110
|
42
|
38.2
|
|
8
|
7.3
|
|
6
|
5.5
|
|
56
|
50.9
|
|
10
|
9.1
|
|
|
Tumor Location
|
|
|
|
0.240
|
|
|
0.712
|
|
|
0.864
|
|
|
0.313
|
|
|
0.779
|
| |
Colon
|
136
|
51
|
37.5
|
|
9
|
6.6
|
|
9
|
6.6
|
|
69
|
50.7
|
|
23
|
16.9
|
|
| |
Rectum
|
115
|
35
|
30.4
|
|
9
|
7.8
|
|
7
|
6.1
|
|
51
|
44.3
|
|
21
|
18.3
|
|
|
Histological subtypes
|
|
|
|
0.334
|
|
|
0.113
|
|
|
0.838
|
|
|
0.058
|
|
|
0.114
|
| |
A
|
187
|
65
|
34.8
|
0.777
|
17
|
9.1
|
0.044
|
13
|
7.0
|
0.522
|
95
|
50.8
|
0.105
|
39
|
20.9
|
0.017
|
| |
MA
|
54
|
17
|
31.5
|
0.627
|
0
|
0
|
0.021
|
3
|
5.6
|
0.781
|
20
|
37.0
|
0.074
|
4
|
7.4
|
0.027
|
|
|
SCC
|
7
|
4
|
57.1
|
0.196
|
1
|
14.3
|
0.459
|
0
|
0
|
0.483
|
5
|
71.4
|
0.204
|
1
|
14.3
|
0.819
|
|
|
SRCC
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0.208
|
0
|
0
|
0.628
|
0
|
0
|
0.649
|
0
|
0
|
0.095
|
0
|
0
|
0.422
|
|
Differentiation
|
|
|
|
0.314
|
|
|
0.239
|
|
|
0.486
|
|
|
0.060
|
|
|
0.043
|
| |
Well
|
12
|
5
|
41.7
|
0.580
|
1
|
8.3
|
0.873
|
2
|
16.7
|
0.135
|
8
|
66.7
|
0.180
|
2
|
16.7
|
0.936
|
| |
Moderate
|
160
|
58
|
36.3
|
0.380
|
15
|
9.4
|
0.073
|
10
|
6.3
|
0.915
|
83
|
51.9
|
0.087
|
36
|
22.5
|
0.006
|
| |
Poor
|
15
|
2
|
13.3
|
0.078
|
1
|
6.7
|
0.508
|
1
|
6.7
|
0.962
|
4
|
26.7
|
0.091
|
1
|
6.7
|
0.254
|
| |
Unknown
|
64
|
21
|
32.8
|
0.777
|
1
|
1.6
|
0.004
|
3
|
4.7
|
0.522
|
25
|
39.1
|
0.105
|
5
|
7.8
|
0.018
|
|
Lymph node metastasis
|
|
|
|
0.464
|
|
|
0.103
|
|
|
0.470
|
|
|
0.059
|
|
|
0.437
|
| |
Yes
|
135
|
49
|
36.3
|
|
13
|
9.6
|
|
10
|
7.4
|
|
72
|
53.3
|
|
26
|
19.3
|
|
| |
No
|
116
|
37
|
31.9
|
|
5
|
4.3
|
|
6
|
5.2
|
|
48
|
41.4
|
|
18
|
15.5
|
|
|
Tumor size
|
|
|
|
0.094
|
|
|
0.622
|
|
|
0.381
|
|
|
0.156
|
|
|
0.869
|
| |
≥ 5 cm
|
71
|
30
|
42.3
|
|
6
|
8.5
|
|
3
|
4.2
|
|
39
|
54.9
|
|
12
|
16.9
|
|
| |
< 5 cm
|
180
|
56
|
31.1
|
|
12
|
6.7
|
|
13
|
7.2
|
|
81
|
45.0
|
|
32
|
17.8
|
|
|
Stages
|
|
|
|
0.362
|
|
|
0.150
|
|
|
0.817
|
|
|
0.218
|
|
|
0.832
|
| |
I
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0.146
|
1
|
25.0
|
0.164
|
0
|
0
|
0.599
|
1
|
25.0
|
0.357
|
1
|
25.0
|
0.692
|
| |
II
|
112
|
37
|
33.0
|
0.713
|
4
|
3.6
|
0.047
|
6
|
5.4
|
0.554
|
47
|
42.0
|
0.096
|
17
|
15.2
|
0.379
|
| |
III
|
115
|
40
|
34.8
|
0.873
|
11
|
9.6
|
0.176
|
9
|
7.8
|
0.387
|
60
|
52.2
|
0.203
|
22
|
19.1
|
0.540
|
| |
IV
|
20
|
9
|
45.0
|
0.292
|
2
|
10.0
|
0.609
|
1
|
5.0
|
0.793
|
12
|
60.0
|
0.255
|
4
|
20.0
|
0.762
|
χ2 test; Fisher’s extract test; A: Adenocarcinoma; MA: Mucinous adenocarcinoma; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; SRCC: Signet ring cell carcinoma