Country

Amount of MW generation (tonnes per day)

Waste Management Strategies

COVID-19 waste generated from a healthcare facility

COVID-19 waste generated from household/ quarantine location

Bangladesh (Dhaka)

206

Incinerator

Not applicable

India

608

Common biomedical waste treatment facility (CBWTF). Permit disposal by deep burial only in rural or remote areas without CBWTF facilities. In case of generation of large volume of yellow color coded (incinerable) COVID-19 waste beyond the capacity of existing CBWTFs and the captive BMW incinerators; permit HW incinerators at existing the treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) or captive industrial incinerators if any exist in the state/union territory. In such case, ensure separate arrangement for handling and waste feeding.

Handover to waste collector identified by urban localities or as per the prevailing local method of disposing general solid waste.

Urban local body shall engage CBWTF operator for ultimate disposal of biomedical waste collected from quarantine home/ home care or waste deposition centers or from doorsteps as may be required depending on local situation; ULB shall make agreement with (CBWTF) in this regard.

Nepal

37

Mostly burned, small-scale incineration, or dumped backyard, municipal landfill, or other areas.

Not applicable

Indonesia

290

Mostly incineration, disinfect at source and transport to the disposal sites or open burning (if no incinerator), hazardous waste landfill.

Directly burn every day at home

Collect and transport by official staff to the cement factory incinerator for burning process (Padang).

Malaysia

50

Mostly incineration

Transport all ash from the hazardous waste treatment center and solidify with cement to be disposed in a special landfill.

Japan

876

Incineration, melting, steam sterilization (autoclave) followed by shredding dry sterilization followed by shredding, disinfection followed by shredding and disposed the specific sanitary landfill.

Mix recyclable items with other combustible waste (and incinerate).

Discharge incombustible waste after 7day storage at source.

Mexico

32

Treat and dispose of as normal hazardous healthcare waste (autoclave, incinerator, radio

wave etc.)

Incinerated or confined in an emergency cell in a landfill and earth covered every day.

South Africa

133

Incineration, non-burn technologies (autoclaves, converter, microwave).

COVID-19 waste generated in a household is managed as part of municipal waste.

Waste generated at a quarantine facility is treated at an incineration or non-burn treatment facility.

Thailand (Chiang Rai)

152

Incinerator, autoclave, waste management service provider (WMSP), sanitary landfill.

Not applicable