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Table 4. Molecular docking results with interactive amino acids from SARS-CoV-2 MPP of top phytochemicals and approved MPP inhibitors.

 

No.

Phytochemical name

Molecular structure and interaction with MPP

Binding Energy          (kcal/mol)

Ligand binding residues

1

Paritaprevir

-8.7

His-41, Met-49, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Cys-145, His-164, Met-165, Glu-166, Leu-167, Pro-168, Asp-187, Arg-188, Gln-189, Thr-190, Gln-192.

2

Lopinavir

                       

-7.9

Thr-26, Thr-25, Leu-27, His-41, Met-49, Tyr-54, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-164, Met-165, Glu-166, Leu-167, Pro-168, Asp-187, Arg-188, Gln-189, Gln-192, Thr-190.

3

Azadirachtin

-12.5

His-41, Ser-46, Met-49, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Cys-145, His-163, His-164, Met-165, Glu-166, Pro-168, His-172, Gln-189, Thr-190, Ala-191.

4

Rutin

-9.0

Thr-26, Leu-27, His-41, Met-49, Pro-52, Tyr-54, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, His-164, Met-165, Glu-166, Leu-167, Pro-168, His-172, Asp-187, Arg-188, Gln-189

5

Theaflavin

-9.0

Leu-27, Ser- 46, Met-49, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, Mer-165,Glu-166, His-172, Arg-188, Gln-189, Thr-190, Gln-192

6

Astragalin

-8.8

His-41, Met-49, Pro-52, Tyr-54, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn -142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, His-164, Met-165, Glu-166, Leu-167, Pro-168, Asp-187, Arg-188, Gln-189, Thr-190, Ala-191, Gln-192.

 

7

Isoquercitrin

-8.7

Met-41, Met-49, Tyr-54, Phe-140, Leu-141, Ser-144, Cys-154, His-163, His-164, Met-165, Glu-166, Leu-167, Pro-168, His-172, Asp-187, Arg-188, Gln-189, Thr-190, Ala-191, Gln-192

8

Hyperoside

-8.6

His-41, Met-49, Pro-52, Tyr-54, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, His-164, Met-165, Glu-166, Leu-167, Pro-168, Asp-187, Arg-188, Gln-189, Thr-190, Gln-192

9

Baicalin

-8.4

Thr-25, Thr-26, Thr-27, Leu-27, His-41, Cys-44, Thr-45, Ser-46, Met-49, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, Met-165, Glu-166, Gln-189. 

10

Saponin

-8.3

Thr-24, Thr-25, Thr-26, Leu-27, His-41, Cys-44, Thr-45, Ser-46, Met-49, Pro-52, Tyr-54, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, His-164, Met-165, Glu-166, Leu-167, Pro-168, Phe-181, Asp-187, Arg-188, Gln-189

 

 

 

 

 

11

Sennoside A

-8.3

Thr-24, Thr-25, Thr-26, His-41, Met-49, Leu-50, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, Glu-166, Pro-168, His-172, Gln-189, Thr-190, Ala-191

 

12

Aloin

-8.2

Leu-27, His-41, Met-49, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, Met-165, Glu-166, Asp-187, Arg-188, Gln-189.

 

13

Isovitexin

-8.0

Leu-27, His-41, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, His-164, Met-165, Glu-166, Pro-188, His-172, Gln-189, Thr-190, Ala-191, Gln-192

14

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate

-7.9

Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, His-164, Met-165, His-172, Glu-166, Arg-188, Gln-189, Thr-190, Gln-192.

 

15

Carpaine

-7.9

Met-165, Glu-166, Pro-168, Gln-189, Thr-190

16

Cusparine

-7.9

His-41, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, His-164, Met-165, Glu-166, Asp-187, Arg-188, Gln-189, Thr-190, Gln-192.

 

17

Piperitol

-7.8

Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, Met-165, Glu-166, Pro-168, His-172, Gln-189, Thr-190, Ala-191

18

Apigenin

-7.8

His-41, Met-49, Tyr-54, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, His-164, Met-165, Glu-166, Asp-187, Arg-188, Gln-189.  

 

19

Kaempferol       

-7.8

His-41, Met-49, Tyr-54, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, His-164, Met165, Glu-166, Asp-187, Arg-188, Gln-189 

20

Chlorogenic acid

-7.8

Thr-25, Thr-26, Leu-27, His-41, Met-49, Phe-140, Leu-141, Asn-142, Gly-143, Ser-144, Cys-145, His-163, His-164, Met-165, Glu-166, His-172, Gln-189.