Variety/ cultivar

Material/Explant

Media composition

Results

References

Phalaenopsis (Clyde×Malibu) ×josephHampton)×Anne cavaco

Phal. Bright light×Dritaenopsis Odorika

Phal. Mount Kaala×Hamaoka

Intermodal section of flower stalk from in vivo grown plant

Thomale GD (macroelement)+ Ringe and Nitsch 1968 (microelement, organic element) + 8 gl^-1 agar +20 mgl^-1 BA+ 5 mgl^-1 NAA+10% coconut milk

Protocorm

[34]

Phalaenopsis

Leaf from mature plant

Modified MS+10 ppm adenine+1 pmm NAA+10 ppm BA

PLB

[37]

Phalenopsis hybrid

Flower stalk

PLB

Modified VW medium+ 1mg/1(73.4%) or 5mg/1 BA (46.8%) + 20g/1 sucrose

Modified VW medium+ 1mg/1BA+ 20g/1 sucrose

PLB

Plantlet

[52]

 (Phalaenopsis (Grand City x Texas Thunder) x Phalaenopsis (Mikawa White x Wataboushi)).

callus-derived protoplasts

PLB

Plantlet

P basal medium+ 0. 05 mg/l 2, 4-D + 10% (v/v) CW

P basal medium+10% (v/v) CW

+ 0. 3% (w/v) Gelrite

Hyponex (N: P: K, 6. 5: 6: 19) + 2. 0% (w/v) sucrose+ 0. 05% (w/v) activated charcoal+0.3% (w/v) Gelrite)

PLB

Plantlet

Shoot and root formation

[47]

Phalaenopsis and Doritaenopsis

shoot tips of flower stalk buds ( in vivo)

PLB

NDM+0.1 mg/ l NAA + 1 mg/l BAP+10 gl^-1 sucrose

NDM medium+10 gl^-1 sucrose

PLB

plantlet

[43]

Phalaenopsis Happy Buddha selfed

Seed (Explant source)

Flower stem section

Flower stem section

XER medium

XER+0.23-11.35 µM TDZ

XER+0.45 µM TDZ

XER+1.14 µM TDZ

Plantlet

Multiple shoot

Multiple shoot and PLB

Clumbs of protocorm & callus

[46]

Phalaenopsis Pink Leopard Petra

Flower stalk node from in vivo grown plant

Adventitious shoot

Hyponex( 6.5N-6.0P-19.0K)+22µM BA+25 gl^-1sucrose+2 gl^-1peptone

VW+22µM BA+25gl^-1 sucrose+10 gl^-1 agar

Adventitious shoot

Floral bud

[54]

Phalaenopsis hybrid

-Flower stalk node with bud from in vivo grown plant

-Shoot tip

VW+ 15% coconut water+ 5 to 40 µM TDZ+7 gl^-1sucrose

Liquid VWC medium

Adventurous shoot

PLB

[50]

Phalaenopsis hybrid Morning M-28XGladys Read St. Louis

-Plant without root (explants donar)

-Stem with node

-Shoot

Hyponex +5 mg/l BA 5

Hyponex+ 2gl^-1

peptone+different BA conc.

Hyponex medium

Stem

Shoot

Root

[55]

Doritaenopsis×Phalaenopsis cultivar

-Flower stalk with one node

-Leaf

-PLB

MS agar medium

MS agar medium

MS+5 mg/l kinetin+5 mg/l NAA+30 g/l sucrose

Hyponex+ 1 mg/l NAA+10 mg/l BA

VW+10% CM+15 g/l sucrose

VW+20% CM+ 20g/l sucrose

Vegetative shoot

PLB

PLB multiplication

[42]

Phalaenopsis

(Phal.) orchid (True Lady ‘B79-19’)

-flower stalks derived dormant buds

-Shoot

-Leaf

-PLB

1/2 MS +2.6 µM BAP+ 0.5 µM NAA+ 0.8% (w/v) agar + 10% (v/v) coconut milk.

0.2% active charcoal medium

Liquid VW +0.4 mM Ca3(PO4)2+ 1.9 µMadenine+0.9 µM BAP+0.3 µM NAA+1.5% (w/v) sucrose+2% (v/v) coconut milk.

VW mineral salts+0.4 mMCa3(PO4)2

+8.5 µM adenine+4.5µMBAP+ 1.8 µMNAA+ 0.5% (w/v) sucrose+ 10% (v/v) coconut milk + 0.8%(w/v) agar.

KCpc (cited Tsai et al. 1992) medium

L8 medium (cited Chen et al. 1994)

adventitious shoots

Plantlet

PLB

Plantlet

[56]

Phalaenopsis Richard

Shaffer ‘Santa Cruz’

-Leaf(explants donar)

Leaf derived PLB

Flower stalk shoot derived leaf

-callus

Media cited by Tanaka & Sakanishi 1980)

VW+0.1 mgl^-1 2,4-D +0.01 Mgl^-1 BA +2 gl^-1 gellun gum+40 gl^-1Sucrose+200 ml l^-1CW

VW+1.0 mgl^-1 2,4-D +0. 1Mgl^-1 BA +2 gl^-1 gellun gum+40 gl^-1Sucrose

VW+0.1 mgl^-1 2,4-D +0.01 Mgl^-1 BA +2 gl^-1 gellun gum+200 ml l^-1CW

PLB

Callus

Callus

PLB( somatic embryo0

[59]

Phalaenopsis weeding Promenade P4 and Phal.Hanaboushi×Pha. euuestris llocos(P5)

-Embryogenic callus derived from lateral bud of flower stalk

-PLB

NP+10gl^-1 sorbitol+3gl^-1 gelrite

NP+20gl^-1 Sucrose(Induce CLB)/ 20gl^-1 maltose/10gl^-1 sorbitol(BEST)

PLB

Plantlet

[48]

Phalaenopsis

-Internodal flower stalk segment with axillary bud

-Flower stalk/ vegetative shoot

-PLB

VW medium+NAA+BAP

VW medium+NAA+4,4,4

VW medium+NAA+BAP

Flower stalk/ vegetative shoot

PLB

Plantlet

[66]

Phalaenopsis Nebula

-Seed

-Protocorm

-Callus

1/4 MS salts +1000 mg l^-1 peptone + 2000 mg l^-1  activated charcoal + 50 000 mg l^-1 banana pulp + 100 mg l^-1 myo-inositol + 20 000 mg l^-1 sucrose +

3000 mg l^-1 gelrite

1/2 MS+0-1.0 mg l^-1TDZ+0-1.0 mg l^-12,4-D(TDZ 4.52µM gave heist PLB)

1/2 MS+0.1-1.0 mg l^-1TDZ

Protocorm

Callus

PLB/plantlet

[36]

Phalaenopsis hybrid (pink stripped flower)

-Leaf

-PLB

-PLB

MS+ 45gl^-1 sucrose+15mgl^-1 BA+ I mgl^-1  NAA

Hyponex( 6.5N-4.5P-19K 1gl^-1+20N-20P-20K 1gl^-1+1%ne potato homogenate

MS+45gl^-1+7 gl^-1

VW+45gl^-1+7 gl^-1

KC+45gl^-1+7 gl^-1

Hyponex(6.5N-4.5P-19K 1gl^-1+20N-20P-20K 1gl^-1)+45gl^-1+7 gl^-1(best medium)

PLB

PLB proliferation

Plantlet

[58]

Phalaenopsis red strain

-Leaf from

In vivo grown plant

-PLB

-PLB

Modified VW medium+10 mg l^-1NAA+10 mg l^-1BA+200 ml l^-1CW+20gl^-1 sucrose with cotton supporter

Modified VW medium+0.1 mg l^-1NAA+1mg l^-1BA+0.8% agar

Hyponex+1.0 mgl^-1NAA+1.0mgl^-1BA+3% potato homogenate+2% sucrose VW+1.0 mgl^-1BA+1.0 mgl^-1NAA +3% potato homogenate+2%sucrose

ND+1.0mgl^-1BA+1.0mgl^-1BA +3% potato homogenate+2%sucrose (best)

PLB

PLB proliferation

Plantlet

[49]

Phalaenopsis [(Baby

Hat_Ann Jesica)_equestris] (PM292)

-Shoot tip of flower stalk buds

-Embryogenic callus

-PLB

NDM+ 0.5 mM NAA+ 4.4 mM BA+ 29.2 mM sucrose

NDM+29.2 mM sucrose+ 2gl^-1 gelun gum

NDM + 10 g l^-1Potato

Granule+10 g l^-1 apple juice+ 58.4 mM sucrose +2 g l^-1 gellan

gum

Embryogenic callus

PLB

Plantlet

[60]

Phalaenopsis hybrid

-Flower stalk bud

NDM+0.1mg/l NAA+1mg/l  BAP+10g/l sucrose

PLB

[69]

Phalaenopsis ‘Taisuco Hatarot’, P. Tinny Sunshine Annie, P. Taipei Gold ‘Golden Star

-Flower stalk node(explants donar)

-Leaf

-PLB

MS + 20.2mM + BA+ 45 g l^-1 sucrose +7.0 g l^-1 Phyto agar

½ MS + 88.8 μM BAP + 5.4 μM NAA

Hyponex+ 30 g l^-1 sucrose+2 g l^-1 peptone +3% (w/v) potato homogenate + 0.05% activated  charcoal+ 7 g l^-1 Phyto agar

Plantlet

PLB

Plantlet

[10]

Phalaenopsis snow parade, wedding promenade

-Shoot tip

-Callus

NDM+0.5µM NAA+4.4µM BA+2gl^-1gellun gum+29.2 mM sucrose

Liquid + NDM+0.5µM NAA+4.4µM BA+2gl^-1gellun gum+58.4  mM sucrose

Callus

PLB

[70]

Phalaenopsis amabilis var. formosa Shimadzu

-Seed

-Prottocorm

-Somatic embryo

Modified ½ MS

½ MS+13.62µM TDZ

½ MS

Protocorm

Somatic embryo

Plantlet

[65]

Phalaenopsis hybrid

-Flower stalk nodes

A. Sigma(P 6793) medium+ 2 mg/l BAP+ 0.5 mg/l NAA+2.6 mg/l gellun gum

B. MS medium+ 4.41 mg/l BAP+ 1 mg/l NAA+2.6 mg/l gellun gum

C. B5 +2 mg/l BAP+2.6 mg/l gellun gum

D.B5 medium without banana homogenate+2.6 mg/l gellun gum

E and F. Media cited by Arditti and Ernst (1993)

Shoot

[53]

Phalaenopsis Little Steve

-Flower stalk bud

(explants donar)

-Leaf

-Somatic embryo

1/2 MS+100 mg l^-1 myo-inositol+0.5 mg l^-1 niacin+ 0.5 mg l^-1 pyridoxine HCl +0.1 mg l^-1 thiamine HCl+ 2.0 mg l^-1 glycine+1000 mg l^-1 peptone + 170 mg l^-1 NaH₂PO₄+ 20 000 mg l^-1Sucrose + 2200 mg l^-1 Gelrite

1/2 MS + 4.54 μM TDZ+20 000

mg l^-1Sucrose + 2200 mg l^-1

Gelrite

1/2 MS medium+20 000 mg l^-1Sucrose + 2200 mg l^-1 Gelrite

Plantlet

Somatic embryo

Plantlet

[61]

Phalaenopsis amabilis var. formosa

-Seed(explants source)

-Leaf

-Somatic embryos

½MS+100 mg l^-1 myo-inositol+0.5 mg l^-1 niacin+ 0.5 mg l^-1 pyridoxine HCl +0.1 mg l^-1 thiamine HCl+ 2.0 mg l^-1 glycine+1000 mg l^-1 peptone + 170 mg l^-1 NaH₂PO₄+ 20 000 mg l^-1Sucrose + 2200 mg l^-1 Gelrite

½MS+ 0.1(6.6%), 1(7.5%), 3(19.4%) mg dm^-1  TDZ

½MS+3mg dm^-1  TDZ

Plantlet

Somatic embryos

Secondary embryos

[62]

Phalaenopsis gigantea

-Seed(explants donar)

-Protocorm

-Protocorm

XER+10% CW+0.2% AC

XER+0,10,15(highest) ,20%  CW+0,1,2,2.5(highest) g l^-1AC+20gl^-1fructose

XER+10 gl^-1agar+2 ACl^-1+20gl^-1fructose

Protocorm

Protocorm multiplication/proliferation

Plantlet

[35]

Phalaenopsis var. Hawaiian Clouds x

Phalaenopsis Carmela’s Dream,

-Flower stalk derived PLB

-Callus

-PLB

½ MS+ 30g/l sucrose+9 g/l agar

NDM+1 mg/l TDZ+10 g/l matose

½ MS+20g/l sucrose+1g/l AC+2.8 g/l gelrite

Callus

PLB

Plantlet

[71]

Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Bl. cv. Cool Breeze

-Inflorescence axis

MS + 2 mg/l BAP  + 1 mg/l NAA + 10% (w/v) CW + 2 g/l peptone + 1 g/l activated charcoal

PLB

[38]

Phalaenopsis Wataboushi

-Protoplast

-Callus

-PLB

½ NDM salt+0.06 M sucrose+0.44 M sorbitol+ 0.1 g/l L-glutamine

NDM+10 g/l maltose+0.3% gellun gum

NDM+10 g/l sorbitol+0.3% gellan gum

Colony formation

PLB

Plantlet

[68]

P. amabilis

and P. Nebula

-Leaf from in vivo grown plant

-Somatic embryo

1/2 MS+ 13.32 µM BA +4.92 µM 2iP + 20µM ACC

½ MS

Somatic embryo

Plantlet

[63]

P. amabilis

and P. Nebula

-Leaf from in vivo grown plant

-Somatic embryo

1/2 MS+ 3 mg dm^-3 TDZ

1/2 MS

Somatic embryo

Plantlet

[72]

Phalaenopsis ‘Silky Moon

-Seed

-Shoot

Hyponex (6.5N-6P-19K; + 2 g l^–1 peptone+100 g l^–1 potato juice + 20 g l^–1 sucrose.

Hyponex+ 22.2 µM BA+100 g l^-1 potato juice+2.0 g l^-1 peptone+30 g l^-1 sucrose+1.0 g l^-1 activated charcoal + 2.0 g l^-1 Phytagel.

Plantlet shoot

protocorm

[73]

4 hydrid Dark purpled flower (DP), Pink purpled flower (PP), white flower with red leaf (WR), white cultivar queen emma

-Flower stalk node

-Leaf

Ms+20.2µM BA+ 45 g/l sucrose+2.3 g/l gelrite

½ MS+ 9.1µM TDZ

Plantlet

Shoot

[74]

Phalaenopsis

-Seed derived protocorm

NDM+0.1-0.3 mg/l TDZ

Protocorm multiplication

[35]

Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) BL. cv. 'Golden Horizon

-Young leaf segments

-PLB

-Shoot

1/2 MS+ 2.0 mg l^-1BA+ 0.5 mg l^-1NAA+ 2 g l^-1 peptone+ 1 g l^-1 activated charcoal+2%sucrose+10% CW

1/2 MS+2 g l^-1 peptone+ 1 g l^-1 activated charcoal+2%sucrose+10% CW+150 mgl^-1L-glutamone

1/2 MS+2 g l^-1 peptone+2% sucrose+10% CW+1 g l^-1 activated charcoal

PLB

New PLB with leafy shoots

Rotted plantlet

[75]

Phalaenopsis gigantea

-Seed(explants source)

-Leaf

-PLB

VW+20gl/l sucrose=200ml/l CW+1mg/lBAP+1mg/l kinetin

NDM+ 1 mg/L NAA +0.1 mg/L TDZ

NDM medium

plantlet

Callus/PLB

Plantlet

[44]

Phalaenopsis cornu-crevi blume and Rchb.

-Seed

-Wounded Protocorm

-PLB

MS+15% CW

½ MS+0.1 mg/l NAA+0.1 mg/l TDZ

MS+15% CW+0.2% AC

Protocorm

PLB

Plantlet

[76]

Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Bl. cv. Cool Breeze

-Flower stalk node

-Plantlet

MS+ 4.40 mgl^-1BA + 1 mgl^-1NAA

1/2MS+1mg/l NAA

Plantlet

Root

[77]

P. aphrodite subsp. formosana

-Seed

-Seedling

1/4 MS +1 g/L +5 g/L coconut powder + 20 g/L sucrose+ 8.5 g/L Bacto agar

1/2 MS + 1 g/L peptone+20 g/L sucrose+ 4 g/L Gelrite+1 mgl^-1 TDZ

Seedling

Somatic embryo

[78]

Phalaenopsis

-PLB

MS + NAA(0,0.1)+ BA(0,5.0,10.0)

But MS without PGR showed  highest result

PLB

[45]